Disease
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
What is a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a fluid-filled sac or lump that forms in the midline of the neck, typically just above the Adam’s apple. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present from birth, and develops from leftover tissue from the thyroid gland's development during fetal growth.
Causes
During early development, the thyroid gland forms at the base of the tongue and moves down to its final position in the neck through a pathway called the thyroglossal duct. If this duct does not disappear as it should, a cyst can form along the tract.
Who is Affected?
Thyroglossal duct cysts are most commonly found in children and young adults, but they can occur at any age.
Symptoms
- A small, soft, round lump in the middle of the neck
- Swelling that may move when swallowing or sticking out the tongue
- Occasional pain, especially if the cyst becomes infected
- Redness or drainage if the cyst ruptures
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan
- Fine needle aspiration (in some cases) to rule out other conditions
Treatment
The most effective treatment is surgical removal through a procedure called the Sistrunk operation. This involves removing the cyst along with a portion of the hyoid bone to prevent recurrence. If the cyst is infected, antibiotics may be prescribed prior to surgery.
