Disease
Hypospadias Disease
What is Hypospadias?
Hypospadias is a congenital condition in males where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis. Instead, it may appear anywhere along the underside of the penis, from just below the tip to the base of the shaft or even in the scrotum.
Causes of Hypospadias
The exact cause of hypospadias is often unknown, but it may be linked to:
- Genetic factors
- Hormonal imbalances during fetal development
- Environmental exposures during pregnancy
Types of Hypospadias
There are different types based on the location of the urethral opening:
- Glanular Hypospadias: Opening near the head of the penis
- Penile Hypospadias: Opening along the shaft
- Penoscrotal or Scrotal Hypospadias: Opening near or within the scrotum
Symptoms
- Abnormal location of the urethral opening
- Downward curve of the penis (chordee)
- Spraying of urine
- Undescended testicles (in some cases)
Diagnosis
Hypospadias is usually diagnosed at birth during a physical examination by a pediatrician or pediatric urologist.
Treatment
Surgical correction is the standard treatment and is typically performed between 6 to 18 months of age. The goal of surgery is to:
- Reposition the urethral opening
- Straighten the penis
- Improve cosmetic appearance and urinary function
Prognosis
With timely surgical intervention, most children with hypospadias go on to lead normal, healthy lives with typical urinary and reproductive function.
